動物醫院

Canine Babesiosis 犬焦蟲病

Pathogens 病原:

   Babesia canis (大焦蟲)

   Babesia gibsoni(小焦蟲)

Epidemiology of Babesiosis 傳染途徑

     Tick-transmission璧蝨傳染:

           Rhipicephalus sanguineus 血色扇頭璧蝨

     Vertical transmission Transplacental transmission (B.canis)

           經胎盤傳染 (焦蟲犬型)

     Transmission via blood product經血液製品

           - blood transfusion 輸血

           - Experimental passage

     Transmission by biting 咬傷

           - blood exchange

Infects RBC 感染紅血球

Canine Babesiosis Clinical signs犬焦蟲病臨床症狀

    Determinants of Severity 病情嚴重程度

           - Age of the host年齡

           - Immune status of the host免疫力

           - Concurrent infections伴隨感染?

    Uncomplicated form:

           acute hemolysis急性溶血

           pale membrane年膜蒼白

           anorexia/lethargy/weakness

           無食慾/不活潑/虛弱

           pyrexia 發燒

           weight loss 體重下降

           splenomegaly 脾腫大

           hepatomegaly 肝腫大

   Complicated form:

           renal failure 腎衰竭

           liver dysfunction/icterus 肝功能異常/黃膽

           coagulopathie 凝血功能異常

           IMHA 免疫溶血性貧血

           neurological dysfunction神經功能異常

           myocarditis 心肌炎

           GI / pancreatitis 胃腸/胰臟炎

Confirming the diagnosis焦蟲診斷

     Traditional Methods

        - Blood film examination 血液抹片

     Serological

        - Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT)

        - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

     Molecular

        - PCR

Anti-babesia Drug Therapies抗焦蟲藥物治療

    Large babesia 大焦蟲

      - Imidocarb dipropionate

      - Diminazine aceturate

      - Phenamidine

      - Pentamidine

      - Trypan blue

   Small babesia 小焦蟲

      - Diminazine aceturate

      - Primaquine(B. felis)

      - Clindamycin

      - Metronidazole

  Atovaquone  plus Azithromycin for B.gibsoni

     - Safety

     - Oral with “fatty meal”

     - Expense

     - May not be curative

     - Drug resistance may develop rapidly

     - Currently the best treatment for acute

                  B.gibsoni infection

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   Atovaquone  與  Azithromycin

合併使用的治療方法